Although rarely seen in the United States and Europe, rickets is still a problem in many parts of the world. It is currently ranked among the top five childhood diseases in developing countries. Inadequate vitamin D-from dietary sources or sunlight-has long been thought to be the cause of rickets. On the other hand, the resurgence of rickets may be an unintended consequence on an admirable health initiative: the promotion of human milk feeding. Nevertheless, unless this change is accompanied by provision of vitamin D supplementation to replace that currently derived from formula, an epidemic of rickets could be possible. For this reason we have made a revision of the available literature emphasizing in some aspects of the physiology of the mineralizing matrix of bone, vitamin D importance, rickets classification, clinical spectrum, radiological aspects, diagnosis and management of the disease. Conclusions: Currently, rickets is a disease with a very low incidence, which can be acquired by several reasons, in some circumstances children and adolescents should receive vitamin D supplements to guarantee a well developed and configurated skeleton system.