Tuberculosis and leprosy were prevalent diseases during the first millennium in Europe , but then leprosy decreased in frequency. On the other hand, tuberculosis affects a third of the world population, reporting ten millions of new cases every year, and dying three millions of them. Leprosy, which is considered in extinction, still affects a million of persons, for 1 % of prevalence. Nowadays, these diseases rarely coincide. The objective of this work was showing the case of a patient with lepromatous leprosy who, shortly after being treated for this disease, developed pulmonary tuberculosis. To achieve our proposal we made a relation of the clinical and laboratory study of the patient and showed illustrative pictures of both processes. After reviewing the literature, we arrived to the conclusion that these entities are unusual when coinciding in one person, and they have not being reported in Cuba .