This article analyzes three circunstances that have accompanied the beginning of Colombian Indigenous Special Jurisdiction. First, the transition from an unitary conception of nation to one multicultural. Second, the process of reconstruction of indigenous identity in communities that had abandoned the most visible and important signs of culture as a result of the process of cultural assimilation. Finally, different aspects associated with the process of construction of Indigenous Law are studied within the Colombian Constitutional Court decisions. Specially, the appropriation of different materials that come from the State Law, and the continuous interchange between Indigenous Law and State Law.