This article is an attempt to make a general trip through the Rawls's theory, in order to indicate, what are the elements to building a civil society. For this, there will be realized, at first an analysis of the components and of the argumentative tools that are important in Rawls's theory, later we present some of the critiques observe that have arisen of his postulates. Finally, we illustrate some arguments that help to rethink the building of a public and opened society, where the exchange of ideas is the main component.