El articulo plantea un analisis critico del concepto de talento humano desde la teoria economica empresarial, mostrando los elementos que lo componen y su aplicacion en el campo del desarrollo economico. El mismo forma parte de la reflexion realizada al interior del grupo de investigacion “Nuevas tecnologias, trabajo y gestion”, del programa de Ingenieria Industrial de la Universidad de San Buenaventura (Caliz, Colombia), en relacion con un proyecto de investigacion sobre capacitacion integral del talento humano en las pequenas y medianas empresas. No obstante, se intenta ir mas alla de la descripcion economica o tecnica del concepto para formular un debate etico, sobre las relaciones economicas dentro del sistema economico capitalista globalizado. Abstract The article presents a critical analysis of the concept of human talent from the business economic theory, showing the component elements and their application in the field of economic development. This article is part of the reflection on a research project about integral training of human talent in small and medium companies, carried out by the research group named “New technologies, work and management”, belonging to the Industrial Engineering program of San Buenaventura University (Caliz, Colombia). However, it attempts to go beyond the economic or technical description of the concept to develop an ethical debate on economic relations within the global capitalist economic system.