ObjecƟ ve: Determine the risk factors associated with neonatal mortality in neonatal intensive care unit of two clinics in Barranquilla, January 2012-May 2013. Materials and Methods: Case-control study in the neonatal populaƟ on who died in neonatal intensive care in Barranquilla, during 2012-2013. 50 cases were included using intenƟ onally single sampling; controls were infants that came out of the same neonatal intensive care units, the raƟ o was 1:1. For data studying were used averages, odds, confi dence intervals, signifi cance level p <0.05. Results: For weight <2.500 g was obtained: OR = 4.16, CI = 1.74 - 9.93, p = 0.001. While for weight <1.500 g: OR = 7.57, CI = 1.59 - 35.9, p = 0.004. The neonatal Apgar <7 to 5 minutes was presented in 50 % of cases and 30 % of controls (Apgar ≤ 6: OR = 2.33, CI = 1.02 - 5.30, p = 0.04); age under 18 years old had. OR = 5.26, CI = 1.07 - 25.7, p = 0.02; the product of the fi rst pregnancy was: OR = 4.44, CI = 1.03 - 18.9, p = 0.03, Premature Rupture of Membranes (RPM) had OR = 5.26, CI = 1.07 - 25.7, p = 0.02; for acute fetal distress data were: OR = 2.52, CI = 1.01 - 6.45, p = 0.04. Conclusion: In this series of cases the risk factors for neonatal mortality were birth weight <2.500 g, Apgar ≤ 6 at 5 minutes, maternal age <18 years, primiparity, RPM and suff ering acute fetal.