This text starts with the consideration of the origins and evolutions of Music under different lines in East and West. Then it discusses music universality from an anthropological, not a Eurocentric point of view. Universality that could be proved on a double ground: the presence of Music in all world cultures and the acoustic explanation. Later on, the text deals with the claim for the composer’s artistic freedom and aesthetic emancipation in order to choose or create scales and syntaxes, taking into account the listener’s receptivity. Finally, it discusses wheter music is a language or not and ends with a brief comment on nationalisms.