A taxonomie summary is presented for the Colombian species of Leptochloa. The classification, nomenclature, generic affinities, and morphological variation of the genus are discussed. Leptochloa is represented in Colombia by six species and one nonty pical subspecies. Keys to recognize Colombian species are given, as well descriptions of the species, illustrations, geographical distributions, and morphological and ecological observations. The basionym Chloris dubia Kunth is lectotypified.