Resumen Objetivos: Establecer la relacion entre las habilidades mentalistas y la conducta prosocial en ninos con caracteristicas de deprivacion social, identificar el uso de las habilidades mentalistas en contextos de deprivacion social y favorecer por medio del juego de roles el uso de las habilidades mentalistas. Materiales y metodos: Investigacion descriptiva de indole cualitativa a partir del estu- dio de caso. La muestra son ninos de 7 anos, quienes se encuentran escolarizados y no pre- sentan diagnostico de problemas de aprendizaje ni otros diagnosticos relacionados. Una vez realizados los procedimientos de pilotaje y linea base se administraron las mediaciones, de manera que se identificaron dos grupos entre los ninos del estudio: el primero se carac- terizaba por tener un uso adecuado de las habilidades mentalistas y el segundo presentaba dificultad en el uso de estas. Resultados: El primer grupo mostro un uso correcto de las habilidades mentalistas, debi- do a que empleaban la categoria de predecir y simular adecuadamente, lo que les permitia manipular cooperativamente; el segundo grupo mostro dificultades en el uso de habilida- des como predecir y simular, lo que no les permite manipular en beneficio de otros. Conclusiones: Las conductas prosociales de caracter altruista requieren del componen- te cognitivo especificamente del desarrollo de las habilidades mentalistas. Se evidencio que los ninos que no logran manipular cooperativamente tienen dificultades para hacer relaciones representacionales adecuadas de las creencias y deseos de los estados mentales propios y ajenos. Asi mismo, favorecer por medio del juego de roles el uso de habilidades mentalistas en ninos con caracteristicas de deprivacion social posibilita una mejor resolu- cion en las situaciones de conflicto. Palabras clave: Habilidades mentalistas, conducta prosocial, empatia, depriva- cion social y juego de roles. Abstract baseline were carried out, mediations were administered so that two groups were identified within the studied children. The first was characterized by appropriate use of mentalistic skills and the second was having difficulty in using them. Objectives: To establish the relationship between mental abilities and prosocial behavior in children with features of social deprivation, identify the use of mentalistic skills in contexts of social deprivation and to promote the use of mental abilities through role-play. Materials and methods: This research is descriptive and qualitative in nature from the case study. The sample consists of children aged 7 years, who are educated and have no diagnosis of learning problems or other related diagnoses. Once the pilot procedures and Results: The first group showed a correct use of mental abilities because the use of catego- ries of predict and simulate properly allow them to manipulate cooperatively. The second group showed difficulties in the use of the skills to predict and simulate what not allow it to manipulate in benefit of others. Conclusions: It was found that altruistic prosocial behaviors require a cognitive compo- nent, specifically the development of mental abilities. At the same time, it was found that children, who cannot manipulate cooperatively, have difficulty making appropriate repre- sentational relationships of beliefs and desires of their own and others’ mental states. And it was found that promoting the use of mental abilities in children with features of social deprivation through role playing, improves their conflict resolutions abilities. Keywords: Mental abilities, prosocial behavior, empathy, social deprivation and role playing.
Tópico:
Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development