The paper provides an option to interpretative and theoretical to build the concept of Urban History, in order to address the analysis of the physical and social body of the city of Tunja during the twentieth century, and attempts to transcend the linearity of the explanations made from Eurocentric hegemonic centers as the only explanation of reality that allows criticizing a heterogeneous peripheral related to national identity and trace its links with cultural heritage within the paradox Modernity-Coloniality. Refers to building the national imagination revaluation of collective memory within modernity, as opposed to the homogenization and global uniformity from local resistance and facing the concealment that the consumer society has on culture, from architecture alternative becomes as critical regionalism.