Abdominal aortic aneurysms constitute a frequent pathology, with high propensity to rupture and death; endovascular repair is an alternative to conventional repair in high-risk patients. The technological development and betterment of endoprosthesis will allow the application of this method in patients considered to be of good risk for conventional open repair. This article presents the basic knowledge that should possess the specialists in cardiovascular diseases in regard to epidemiology and indications and limitations of the endoluminal repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms.