Esta lectura de la cultura material, el registro arqueologico y la etnohistoria desde la perspectiva de genero se propone ampliar las preguntas que permiten cuestionar la dicotomia mujer/hombre definida principalmente por la representacion de genitales y la adjudicacion arbitraria de actividades segun el genero. Luego de definir la perspectiva de genero, mediante un modelo analitico estructural de la iconografia se analizan especificamente las figuras antropomorfas o tunjos de la cultura muisca conservadas en las colecciones de orfebreria del Museo del Oro. Se hacen aportes para una critica al discurso y la practica arqueologicos que con una vision “naturalista” del genero acepta estereotipos comunes. Abstract This interpretation of the material culture, the archaeological record and the ethnohistory from a gender point of view, is intend to further open the questions that allow a discussion about the female/male dichotomy, mainly defined by the representation of genital organs and the arbitrary ascription of gender activities. After defining the gender perspective, by means of an analytic structural model of the iconography, the anthropomorphic figures of the Muisca culture, or tunjos, kept in the collection of the Gold Museum, are specifically analyzed. There are contributions to discourse criticism and to the archaeological practice that accepts common stereotypes due to a “naturalistic” vision of gender.