Bone and joint infections are painful as well as frustrating for patients and physicians. The high rate of success of antimicrobial therapy in most infectious diseases has failed to achieve in bone and joint infections due to physiological and anatomical characteristics of bones; that is why the various types of osteomyelitis require different medical, surgical and therapeutic strategies for proper management. Besides that, the key to successful management of osteomyelitis in general is early diagnosis, including bone sampling for microbiological and pathological analysis to allow for specific and longterm lasting antibiotic therapy. Therefore, it is necessary to have the basics in handling this issue clear and updated. It was carried out a review of pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of osteomyelitis in order to provide basic tools in the management of osteomyelitis for the doctor.