We conducted a review of the results of the studies of the last ten years from the data bases BBCS-LILACS, IB- PsycINFO, IB-SSCI, IB.SciELO, SCOPUS and SCIRUS, about the therapeutic implications of the gene mutation ABCB1 in dogs. This mutation is responsible for the absence of the glycoprotein P in the blood-brain barrier, depriving the brain of an efflux pump to protect against various xenobiotics. Furthermore, we described the pharmacokinetic changes and drug poisoning resulting from this mutation. We also present a list of drug substrates for the glycoprotein P and the medications that can inhibit said glycoprotein, all of them capable of inducing severe side effects in dogs with the mutation.