The aim of our anatomic cadaver dissection study was to evaluate the variants of the arterial branches of the descending abdominal aorta. It is a prospective study performed at the school of medicine´s anatomy laboratory. The dissection approach provides theoretical and practical knowledge on a wide range of aberrant anatomic variants, which appear most frequent in the liver and kidney. Our findings contribute to the improvement of the teaching of medical students and of future general and vascular surgeons. These findings should be considered in future anatomic studies, and as of now be incorporated in the anatomy course.