The subjects of Indians and the indigenous, two similarbut different approaches, were dealt-with during thesecond half of the 19th century by some Mexican andPeruvian painters, sculptors, and architects. Theyfounded an attitude which prolonged itself as an artisticrenewal into the 20th century thanks to the work ofmany artists. The first was Jose Guadalupe Posada, whotreated a variety of subjects from the point of view ofthe indigenous and was followed by a member of thenext generation: Jose Sabogal, a collaborator in JoseCarlos Mariategui’s Amauta and the earliest Latin-American indigenistic painter, whose preferred subjectwere Indians themselves.