RESUMEN Las quemaduras se han convertido en una creciente causa de morbimortalidad, reportandose en Latinoamerica un promediode 1351 casos de lesiones de este tipo al ano, requiriendo hospitalizacion y generando alrededor de 23 muertes anuales. Enel caso de Colombia, la poblacion mas afectada segun reporte de casos, es la infantil entre uno y cuatro anos de edad,usualmente generando complicaciones por la gravedad de las lesiones e incluso la muerte. Estudios plantean una relacionentre el area de superficie corporal comprometida, su localizacion, edad del paciente y el riesgo de mortalidad; sin embargo,actualmente se postula la relacion directa entre factores de riesgo geneticos tales como el polimorfismo CD14 y el riesgo demortalidad en los individuos. Se presenta el caso de una nina de dos anos de edad, quien consulta al centro asistencial porhaber presentado quemadura de gravedad significativa con un 71% de compromiso de area de superficie corporal total, conun alto riesgo de mortalidad y complicaciones, a la que se le proporciona manejo adecuado, obteniendo una evolucionsatisfactoria. Dicha situacion genero la inquietud sobre el factor que influyo este grato desenlace, razon por la cual se realizaesta revision de la literatura. Palabras clave. Quemaduras. Polimorfismo genetico. Antigenos CD14. Mortalidad infantil. SUMMARY Does it exist any relation between extension of corporal surface burns and percentage of survival and mortality in adultand pediatric patients?Burns injuries have become an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality, reporting in Latin America an average of 1351cases of burn injuries each year, requiring hospitalization and causing about 23 deaths per year. In Colombia, the mostaffected population, according to a report of cases, are children between one and four years old, usually making withfollowing complications due to the seriousness of the injury and even death. Studies suggest a relationship between the bodysurface involved, localization, age and risk mortality. Currently is suggested the direct relationship between genetic riskfactors such as the CD14 polymorphism and risk of mortality in individuals. A case of a two years old girl is presented, whoconsulted the health center with severe burns with commitment of the 71% of total body surface area, with high risk ofmortality and complications. Appropriate management is provided and it is obtained satisfactory outcome. That caseconcerned about the factors that influenced this happy ending, reason why this literature review was made. Keywords. Burns. Genetic polymorphism. Antigens CD14. Child mortality.