Nowadays, territorial planning is a subject of intense debates and revisionist exercises given the questioning existing about its scope, objectives and application purposes in the context of economic liberalization and deregulation policies aimed at developing freedom of investment at all levels of social life and the use of geographical space. For this reason, this article presents an overview of the discussions emerged around this technical-political field, and from critical analysis and inquiry of its postulates and principles, proposes new reflection and acting possibilities. Similarly, based on some examples or study cases in Colombia, Latin America and Catalonia-Spain, the article describes conflicts (social, environmental and territorial) occurring in the context of the contemporary neoliberal scenario and several responses from institutional management, town and regional planning, the social movements, and community organization actions.