Due to its location in the Colombian Andes, the department of Caldas, displays a large environmental variability. However, it has undergone dramatic changes, mainly due to human actions. The aim of this study was to gather existing information from the mammal fauna records of Caldas thus identifying information gaps and conservation priorities. All the information found in the literature and catalogs of collections and museums was compiled. Caldas has 158 species of mammals which represent 35% of Colombian mammals. The data collected here increased 34 more species for the department. Twenty-two of the twenty seven municipalities of Caldas have information, but most records are concentrated in the basin of La Miel and Chinchina River; the rest of the Municipalities have little information because of low or no effort for sampling mammals. The department of Caldas has six eco regions, all of which have been sampled, appearing more records and species richness in the dry forests of the Magdalena and Cauca eco regions; the least intensity of sampling are the dry forests of the Cauca and Magdalena rivers and in the moors. Caldas houses seven endemic species and 20 endangered species. Still there are species that are probably in the department, but were not included in this list because their presence has not been scientifically documented.