This a historical review of Barrett's esophagus since its original description by Norman Barrett in 1950, including a discussion on the evolution of the concept. Short and long Barrett´s esophagus are defined, in terms of diagnosis and prevalence. Regarding treatment, the authors propose to adopt DeMeester and DeMeester´s objectives: to control reflux, to promote or induce healing or regression of the metaplasic epithelium at risk (intestinal metaplasia), and to stop its progression to dysplasia and cancer. Medical and surgical treatment are discussed, emphasizing the advantages of surgical treatment, and also the relevance of adenocarcinoma and low - grade and high-grade dysplasias to Barrett's esophagus.