The article explains some possible consequences of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) signed by Colombia and the United States, discussing the meaning of free trade between the world first economic power and the undeveloped country. Based on the experience of the FTA between Mexico and USA, is discussed how actually this treaty has deepened the structural imbalances of the Mexican economy and society, as an example of the results that Colombians should expect. After analyzing the impact that will have the FTA in Colombia, is concluded that this process will intensify the appendicular character of our economic and social development, within the conditions of actual transnational work division. Finally, is emphasized the country’s incapacity to successful face the challenges of the FTA, due to prevailing social, economic and political conditions.