The current understanding of dental caries and the development of new integral diagnostic and management systems of caries force the professional to recognize initial or subclinical lesions of caries, in order to perform non-operative treatments that arrest caries progression and favor mineral regaining. As an alternative treatment option for the less severe lesions, remineralizing agents have been proposed. Apart from saliva —the natural remineralizing agent— and fluoride, both with sufficient evidence of their remineralizing potential, other novel remineralizing agents have been developed. Some of them include those based on casein phosphopeptides plus amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP, Recaldent®) and synthetic mineral compounds (Novamin®), which appeared recently and still require more evidence to be recommended for the clinical practice. This review aims at walking the reader through some basic aspects of the dental enamel, the processes of enamel demineralization and remineralization, and the applicability and scientific evidence of the new enamel remineralizing agents.