Introduction: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a significant complication in transplant patients, particularly in recipients without prior exposure to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In such cases, the seropositive donated organ can reactivate the infection, leading to the subsequent development of PTLD. However, due to the diverse range of clinical presentations, the diagnostic suspicion for PTLD may be low, resulting in a delayed initiation of treatment. Methods: This study employed a historical cohort-type analytical observational design, spanning the period from 2007 to 2020. The primary objective was to identify the factors associated with the onset of PTLD in patients below 18 years of age who underwent liver transplantation at La Cardio. Results: Among the 216 patients included in the study, 18 (8.3%) were diagnosed with PTLD. Notably, 48.8% of these individuals exhibited reactive IgG antibodies to EBV at the time of transplantation. Early presentation of PTLD was observed in 61.6% (n=11) of cases, with 88.8% (n=16) of these patients having an elevated viral load at the time of diagnosis. Histopathological classification revealed that 66.7% (n=12) had a non-destructive lymphoproliferative disorder, while 33.3% (n=6) exhibited a monomorphic type. Among the latter group, 66.6% (n=4) presented with an elevated viral load exceeding 100,000 UI/mL. Notably, the survival rate of patients following the diagnosis of PTLD was 91.6% (n=11). Conclusion: Several factors were found to be commonly associated with PTLD diagnosis, including age below 5 years, presentation within the first 12 months after transplantation in individuals with initial seronegative status, higher viral load elevation in more severe histological types, predominance of non-destructive histological subtypes, a low mortality rate, and involvement of the central nervous system.