Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a disease with a high prevalence worldwide that carries a high burden of morbidity and mortality. Its high prevalence makes DM a frequent condition in emergency rooms and hospitalizations, where both hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and low blood glucose have been found to be associated with in-hospital adverse outcomes. It is essential to evaluate the glycemic control of diabetic patients hospitalized in general wards, in order to know, initially, the local epidemiology and, later, determine the pattern of incidences of adverse health outcomes associated with poor glycemic control and implement corrective measures. Methodology: Cross-sectional analytical study in a third level hospital in the city of Manizales, Colombia. The medical records of patients over 18 years of age with a history of diabetes mellitus hospitalized in general wards for medical or surgical reasons in the period between January and July 2022 were evaluated. A descriptive analysis of the baseline and hospital management characteristics and a statistical analysis of the variables associated with poor metabolic control and the occurrence of in-hospital adverse outcomes and their association with poor glycemic control were performed, this being defined by an HbA1c >7.0%. , an average blood glucose measurement outside of 100 to 180mg/dl, time in ranges (TER) less than 70%, a coefficient of glycemic variability (CVG) greater than 36% and hypoglycemia (<70mg/dl). Results: A total of 330 medical records were included. The average age was 69.9 years (SD 14.7), 52% were women, the average BMI was in the overweight range (27.2kg/m2, SD 5.41) and close to 1 in 5 patients (22%) were in obesity range. 39% had a diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy, followed by coronary disease in 23%. Infection was the most frequent reason for hospital admission (35.5%). The most used treatment scheme was corrective (47%). The mean HbA1c on admission was 8.17% (SD 2.63). When poor glycemic control is established by means of glucometries, the prevalence was 27.6%, 33% due to high variability and 64.8% due to low time in range, and hypoglycemia occurred in 28.8%. The variables associated with poor in-hospital metabolic control were HbA1c on admission, CKD, BMI, and reason for admission. Mortality was 8.8%. Mean off-target blood glucose measurements (ORc 4.3 95%CI 1.98-9.52), time in off-target range (ORc 5.21 95%CI 1.54-17.6) and HbA1c (ORc 2.9995%CI 1.19-7.56) were associated with higher mortality , the average blood glucose was also associated with renal injury (ORc 1.92 95%CI 1.1-3.3), a low time in ranges was additionally associated with transfer to the ICU (ORc 2.54 95%CI 1.08-5.98), a high CVG was associated with intrahospital infection (ORc 1.99 95% CI 1.11-3.58), delirium (ORc 1.74 95% CI 1.07-2.81) and hypoglycemia. (p <0.001). Hypoglycemia was associated with transfer to the ICU (ORc 2.66 IC95% 1.33-5.33), intrahospital infection (ORc 2.14 IC95% 1.18-3.88) and delirium (ORc 1.99 IC95% 1.21-3.26). Conclusion: In diabetic patients hospitalized in general wards, the disease glycemic control assessed by different metrics was associated with adverse health outcomes. CVG and TER are new metrics that should be incorporated into glycemic control objectives given their association with mortality. These results serve to highlight the importance of trying to achieve better in-hospital metabolic control and implementing strategies in order to improve outcomes in these patients.
Tópico:
Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients