Introduction: Dementia has become a disease of high prevalence in the elderly. Today the use of benzodiazepines in this population is high, cognitive changes had been reported previously for these drugs, it’s no clear whether there is increased risk of dementia associated with their consumption. The objective of this study is to determine if there is a risk in the use of benzodiazepines to the subsequent development of dementia. Methodology: Literature review of cohorts and case-control studies that measure the risk of dementia associated with the use of benzodiazepines for subsequent statistical analysis. Results: Of the 638 articles found in the search, 4 met the selection criteria. The statistical calculation yields an OR of random effects model of 1.8683 (95% CI, 0.7258 to 4.8098 ) and a fixed OR 4.2549 ( 95% CI, 3.9389 to 4.5963 ) . Discussion: The findings suggest an increased risk of dementia associated with the use of benzodiazepines. By heterogeneity obtained findings should be handled with caution. Conclusions: There may be a risk of dementia associated with the use of benzodiazepines in people over 45 years old, it is considered that the use in the elderly should be cautious.