The need for regulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) sets policy challenges to the energy industries in the twenty-first century, given the major climate threat that has manifested in recent decades. The focus will thus be on environment-related issues, including emissions, renewable-based technology, and change in consumer-use patterns. In this context, policy aims at preserving and maintaining security of supply as well as a competitive environment within both power generation and energy-intensive industries. There are enormous