The realities and unfavorable or problematic living conditions do not justify the crime. On the contrary, the society and its security and justice systems seek ways to suppress and to control the crime, the freedom privation being one of most appealed. This context opens new spaces and possibilities to study and to act, in the light of the regulation and penitentiary ends oriented towards the rehabilitation, as well as, because the educational or/and re-educational processes, transformers, releasing and improving quality of life are field appropriate to the Pedagogy and the Social Education. The document presents the results of an investigation in Spain, with a sample of 538 women prisoners, whom a semi structured questionnaire was supplied, with the intention of analyzing questions related to the basic prior learning and its influence in different social, educational factors or situations of its life, as well as in the formative, labor processes and current expectations of future in prison. The obtained results reveal the inequalities and social disadvantages among the imprisoned women. A major vulnerability is demonstrated for the ones who do not have studies or with tiny formation, depending on their origin, where the Europeans, paradoxically, - especially of gypsy minorities - have minor educational formation. Also, there is verified the incident of the previous learning of the women prisoners, as certain factor of protection in relation to the substances addictions and the Criminality, as well as it favors a better labor occupation. It appreciates also a major self-perception and assessment of their participation in their lessons and formative and / or labor programs in relation to their future of social integration. These elements establish a work of rehabilitation and reeducation, considering the factors of vulnerability and highlighting protection factors and prosocial, to the realities and subjectivities of the prisoners, from a perspective of gender and socio educationnal character.