Abstract Gas reservoirs in deep formations, with low pressure and low permeability, present a significant production challenge due to the low conductivity of the rock. The hydraulic fracturing technique has been used historically to increase the flow area available to produce hydrocarbons in this type of reservoir. Particularly, the case of Piedemonte area in the Llanos basin in Colombia, presents additional challenges for stimulation due to the high capillary pressure required by the water-based fluids to be able to move through the small pore throats, causing restriction for their injection and difficulty to flowback to surface. This causes retention of the liquid phase in the rock matrix and trapping mechanisms that prevent obtaining the full benefit of the stimulation technique. To address this problem, fracturing fluids assisted/energized with CO2 are usually used, whose benefits are focused on: 1) reducing the volume of water injected and mitigating blockage; 2) mitigate the reservoir filling effect associated with fracturing diagnostic tests; 3) reduce the burst pressure due to the cracking by low temperatures; 4) improve the geometry of the fracture due to the greater efficiency of the CO2 fluid carrying and placing the proppant; 5) capture of CO2 from the refining processes and its integration back into the reservoir to increase stimulation efficiency. This article presents a compilation of the stages performed for the job, from its planning and design, through the assurance of the stimulation fluids with specialized laboratory tests and finally, its execution and results. Research was made on similar cases around the world, taking the best practices and recommendations for the work. Next, multiple tests were executed in the laboratory such as rheology with the base fluid seeking to reduce the concentration of the polymer and ensuring its performance under the reservoir conditions. Moreover, a low risk of asphaltene precipitation was identified in the hydrocarbon/ CO2 interaction and displacement tests in a representative core achieving 100% regained permeability. Finally, in March 2024, the first CO2 -assisted fracturing pilot was executed in Floreña field. The well is currently in the cleaning process and is pending production evaluation. The work not only describes the best practices used, but also aims to establish improvement criteria for future jobs.
Tópico:
Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis
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FuenteSPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition