Background: Gliomas, primary intra-axial brain tumors originating from neuroglial cells, pose diagnostic challenges despite advancements in imaging techniques. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate recent innovations in imaging modalities for glioma detection and characterization. Methodology: A comprehensive search of PubMed and Cochrane Library identified studies from 2015 to December 2023. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies on imaging techniques for gliomas, published in peer-reviewed journals. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Fifteen studies on glioma grades and imaging techniques were reviewed. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) was practical for glioma characterization, with Apparent Diffusion (AD) maps accurately detecting malignant transformation and differentiating tumor grades. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (18F-FDG PET) enhanced glioma identification, particularly when combined with MRI, improving specificity for high-grade tumors. Advanced MRI techniques, such as MR Perfusion Imaging, and Dynamic 18F-FET PET were useful for distinguishing glioma grades and evaluating tumor biology. Amide Proton Transfer Imaging, in conjunction with FDG-PET, also enhanced diagnostic precision. The meta-analysis showed a combined effect size of 0.8622 (95% CI [0.6401; 1.0843]) for ADC in gliomas, indicating a high diagnostic value. Conclusion: Recent advancements in DTI and PET significantly improve glioma detection and characterization, highlighting the need for integrated imaging for accuracy.