This study presents an economic analysis of the relationship between monetary agricultural performance and distance to the Atrato River in the department of Chocó. For this purpose, it considers different variables as determinants of monetary yield, highlighting three main mechanisms: access to inputs, infrastructure, and market. It also demonstrates an increase in the department’s Agricultural and Livestock Production Unit. However, this relationship is inconsistent when higher-yielding crops are excluded and is largely determined by soil profiles and input use. This study contributes to the knowledge of agricultural dynamics in areas with limited infrastructure and to a literature where studies on the role of rivers in economic development are scarce.