Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy that accounts for 1-2% of all cancers and 17% of hematologic malignancies worldwide. It predominantly affects older adults, with a higher incidence in males and African American populations. Clinical manifestations often include bone pain, anemia, renal insufciency, and hypercalcemia, due to the proliferation of malignant plasma cells. Diagnosis is based on clinical, laboratory, and imaging ndings, including the detection of monoclonal proteins in serum or urine, and the presence of clonal plasma cells in bone marrow biopsy. Imaging techniques such as MRI and PET/CT play a key role in identifying osteolytic lesions and assessing disease progression. The management of MM has advanced with the use of autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation, triple drug regimens, and maintenance therapies.