Objectives: Clinical characterization of pediatric patients treated with plasma exchange therapy (PET) Design: Descriptive, observational, retrospective study Participants: Patients between 0 and <18 years old, admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for inflammatory or autoimmune pathologies, both of the central nervous system and other organs and systems. Setting: Pediatric Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia; between 2018-2022 Methods: Medical records of patients undergoing PET were reviewed and the collected data were analyzed. Results: We identified 115 patients between 0 and <18 years old, 54.8% (n=63) were female, the majority of pathologies compromised the central nervous system, such as autoimmune encephalitis in 35.7% (n=41), followed by hematological involvement due to thrombotic microangiopathy in 13% (n=15), and autoimmune involvement such as systemic lupus erythematosus in 9.6% (n=11) of patients. During PET, albumin and fresh plasma were mainly used, followed by albumin alone. The most used replacement volume was 1.5 times the blood volume in 85.2% (n=98) of the cases. The majority required between 5 and 7 sessions on a daily basis. The complications associated with PET found were catheter dysfunction in 10.4% (n=12), and hypotension in 61% (n=7). The laboratory tests included in this review showed statistically significant improvement post therapy. Conclusions: The present study with 115 patients becomes one of the largest carried out in the pediatric population reported in the literature in recent years, allowing a clinical characterization of patients treated with PET, becoming the basis for future research. Keywords: plasma exchange therapy, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases.