The prospect for the solution of the most urgent challenges in Latin America, and also the projection of the countries and the region, is associated with the strength of the relation between science, technology, innovation, foreign policy, and decision making. This nexus requires a special, tailor-made science diplomacy that takes into account the history, culture's characteristics, and particularity of governance. In other words, it is beneficial to start addressing issues from local perspectives, knowing its contexts and needs, and on the other hand, knowing how to calculate and predict diplomatic-political maneuvering and productivity. Therefore, an appropriate response to a challenge via science diplomacy should include the design of science diplomacy taxonomy, a tree of interconnected concepts and practices.