Degenerative disc disease, coupled with its consequential low back pain, presents a profound global health challenge, with efficacious clinical interventions still being subject to controversy. Cutting-edge strategies are being developed, targeting both pain mitigation and tissue regeneration. Both concentrated bone marrow aspirate and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have displayed clinical potential in alleviating pain associated with degenerative disc disease. By harnessing molecular and genetic techniques, the utilization of growth factors, cytokines, and the modulation of autophagy and apoptosis processes offers hope in arresting disease progression, fostering tissue recuperation, and tempering inflammatory cascades. This chapter furnishes readers with a contemporary overview of therapeutic and regenerative modalities in clinical use and succinctly delineates the grading of the extant pinnacle clinical evidence.