Through a systematic literature review guided by PRISMA guidelines, this study identifies the disciplinary frameworks and current trends in research regarding the well-being of school-aged population in illness condition in relation to hospital educational attention. The introduction provides some insights into the concept and history of Hospital Classrooms. The review of literature reveals that Health Sciences and Education Sciences are the predominant disciplinary frameworks in the study of this topic. In addition, current approaches include a rights-based approach, an educational inclusion perspective, a pedagogical approach, and a socio-emotional approach. This exercise highlights the Hospital Classroom as a hybrid setting that underscores a neglected social reality, calling upon the healthcare and educational systems, among others, to collaborate effectively. The presented results contribute to the transformation of educational practices that connect the school population in a state of illness and constitute a significant contribution to reorient academic research and social discussion on the subject.