Acne vulgaris is a widespread skin condition affecting up to 90% of adolescents, with 50% of cases persisting into adulthood. By age 40, around 1% of men and 5% of women still exhibit symptoms. This high prevalence results in over 3.5 million healthcare visits annually. The multifactorial pathogenesis of acne includes hormonal uctuations, increased sebum production, keratinization alterations, and Propionibacterium acnes proliferation. Key risk factors include hormonal changes, genetic predisposition, diet, stress, and skin care practices. Clinically, acne manifests as non-inammatory lesions (comedones) and inammatory lesions (papules, pustules, nodules). Diagnosis involves a thorough clinical evaluation, with severity guiding treatment. Management ranges from topical treatments for mild acne to systemic therapies for severe cases. Managing complications such as post-inammatory hyperpigmentation and scarring is crucial, utilizing topical agents, chemical peels, and laser treatments.
