Acute cholangitis is a potentially life-threatening infection resulting from bile duct obstruction, commonly caused by gallstones, tumors, or strictures. This condition manifests through the classic Charcot's triad of fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant pain, seen in approximately 50-70% of patients. In severe cases, Reynold's pentad may also be observed, indicating a progression to septic shock, characterized by hypotension and altered mental status. This review highlights the importance of early and accurate diagnosis and intervention to prevent complications such as cholangiosepsis and liver abscesses. Diagnostic approaches largely rely on clinical assessment, laboratory tests showing leukocytosis and elevated bilirubin levels, and imaging studies like ultrasound and ERCP to conrm biliary obstruction. Treatment strategies include prompt administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics to control infection and procedures such as ERCP for obstruction relief. Supportive care and, if necessary, surgical interventions form part of comprehensive management to address severe manifestations and complications. This study underscores the critical need for rapid treatment response and tailored therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes in patients with acute cholangitis.
