The data set includes data from 88 research articles that have assessed the direction and magnitude of the association between an indicator of agricultural diversity at farm-, regional-, or national-level and an indicator of food security. This is the data set created as part of the review article: Waha et al. (2022): The benefits and trade-offs of agricultural diversity for food security in low- and middle-income countries: A review of existing knowledge and evidence. Global Food Security 33, 100645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2022.100645