The database includes results from experiments that measured seed yield, total biomass at physiological maturity, and nutrient uptake in soybean, collected from various studies performed between 2009 and 2018. The database comprised experiments from different regions of Argentina (Rolling Pampas region) and the United States (Kansas). Nitrogen content in each plant structure was determined by the Kjeldahl method, whereas P, K, and S concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES).