The interest in bioactive compounds present in Coffea arabica has experienced a notable increase, driven by its antioxidant properties and potential anti-hyperglycemic capacity, suggesting significant health benefits. The main objective of this study was to characterize the ethanolic and methanolic extracts obtained from the leaves of Coffea arabica Caturra variety, focusing particularly on their antioxidant compound content. The leaves were powdered and subjected to extraction with 96% ethanol and 99% methanol, respectively, and the biological activities were evaluated by spectrophotometry. The ethanolic extracts, with a yield of 11.26%, displayed differential concentrations in phenols (432.8 ± 19.6 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoids (466.8 ± 11.2 mg CE/g DW), while the methanolic extracts showed a higher concentration of polysaccharides (729.38 ± 24.1 mg GE/g DW). In antioxidant activity, both extracts outperformed the BHT control in scavenging DPPH radicals, with maxima of 59.1% for ethanolic extracts and 73.5% for methanolic extracts at 400 µg/mL. The methanolic extracts, with an IC50 of 50 µg/mL, demonstrated significantly higher antioxidant activity than the ethanolic extracts (IC50 of 147.1 µg/mL) and BHT (IC50 of 232.2 µg/mL). Furthermore, both extracts exhibited inhibitory activity on the α-glucosidase enzyme, surpassing acarbose in some treatments. These results underscore the therapeutic potential of C. arabica extracts, especially the methanolic extracts, as natural sources of antioxidants and α-glucosidase inhibitory agents, which are important in managing metabolic diseases.