Diverticulitis is a common gastrointestinal condition characterized by the inammation or infection of diverticula, small pouches that can develop in the colon wall. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of diverticulitis. The review includes a detailed discussion of the epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of the disease, highlighting the role of the gut microbiota and potential therapeutic targets. Diagnostic approaches and differential diagnoses are also discussed, emphasizing the importance of clinical assessment, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Medical management options, including antibiotic therapy, bowel rest, and pain control, are outlined, along with surgical interventions for complicated cases. Finally, the review concludes with a discussion on the future directions of research in diverticulitis, focusing on the need for further understanding of the disease mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.