Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements found in the majority of eukaryotic genomes. TEs deeply impact the structure and evolution of chromosomes and can induce mutations affecting coding genes. In plants, the major group of TEs is Long Terminal Repeats retrotransposons (LTR-RT). They are classified into superfamilies (<em>Gypsy</em>, <em>Copia</em>) and sub-classified into lineages. Horizontal transfer (HT), defined as the nonsexual transmission of genetic material between species, is a process allowing LTR-RTs to invade a new genome. Although this phenomenon was considered rare, recent studies demonstrate numerous transfers of LTR-RTs, suggesting that HT may be more frequent than initially estimated. This study aims to determine which LTR-RT lineages are shared with high similarity among 69 reference plant genomes. We identified and classified 88,450 LTR-RTs and determined 143 cases (involving 94 elements) of high similarities between pairs of genomes. Most of them involved three <em>Copia</em> lineages (<em>Oryco/Ivana</em>, <em>Retrofit/Ale</em> and <em>Tork/Tar/Ikeros</em>). A detailed analysis of three cases of high similarities involving <em>Tork/Tar/Ikeros</em> group shows a patchy distribution of the elements and phylogenetic incongruities, indicating they originated from potential HTs. Overall, our results suggest that <em>Copia</em> LTR-RTs share outstanding similarity between very distant species and may probably be more involved in HT mechanisms.
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Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
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FuenteZenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)