Emerging contaminants are chemical compounds of organic or inorganic nature that, in recent years, have called the attention of humanity due to their potential risks in different environmental matrices, especially in aquatic ecosystems. Among these pollutants are pharmaceutical drug residues that can bioaccumulate and biomagnify in the trophic chain. Hence, treatments for this type of residue are necessary before their disposal in the environment. Each year around 84,000 tons of this waste are generated, with a tendency to increase. However, conventional wastewater treatments (WWTs) are ineffective in removing these compounds, so new technologies are needed to remove the xenobiotics in question. The use of microalgae for bioremediation of pharmaceutical residues is a promising alternative since these microorganisms have shown the potential to detoxify organic and inorganic contaminants through three pathways adsorption, absorption, and degradation. This work aims to present the processes of bioremediation of pharmaceutical residues with microalgae.