Introduction: Latin American families have presented transformations that affect their members in practicing self-care of health exposed to vulnerability of care in the different situations or events of daily life. Dorotea Orem in her theory mentions that the Basic Conditioning Factors allow to evaluate the condition of vulnerability of peoples and families.Objective: To know the vulnerability to exercise self-care in families in two localities of the area of influence of the Primary Care Center of the Universidad de Cartagena (University of Cartagena) in 2019. Methodology: Descriptive study. Population made up of 29 families from which a sample of 132 people was taken. Sampling was random. A single survey was conducted to investigate the basic determinants and the Care Vulnerability Index. Descriptive statistics were applied. Ethical aspects were considered. Results: 61% of the participants were women, of these, 40% were in adult life. 90% of participants feel developed according to their life cycle, 77% of women emphasized that gender is not an obstacle to exercise self-care, 80% of the people said that the environment favors their self-care, they have enough time and resources to maintain self-care say 65% and 49%. The Care Vulnerability Index was maximum 0.23 points. People can identify the basic factors that provide them an effective health management. Conclusions: Adults and older adults perceive maintaining their basic factors according to their perception of the environment and family support.