Within the innovative landscape of Industry 4.0, the seamless melding of digital systems has amplified the manufacturing arena's capacities. Notwithstanding these advancements, the latent vulnerabilities intrinsic to these novel systems necessitate rigorous analytical scrutiny. This research delineates an exhaustive vulnerability assessment rooted in the Octave Cybersecurity Framework's principles. Recognized for its meticulous approach, the Octave Cybersecurity Framework offers an intricate methodology tailored to unpack and counteract inherent risks in the Industry 4.0 environment. Harnessing the depth of this Framework, our investigation underscores the dual objectives of optimizing efficiency while bolstering cybersecurity resilience against nascent digital threats. Moreover, through empirical findings, we highlight the nuances of these vulnerabilities and advocate for preemptive strategies to enhance infrastructural robustness and operational continuity. The synthesis of our findings seeks to guide stakeholders in navigating the intricate cybersecurity landscape of Industry 4.0.