This review article presents a socioecological analysis based on current literature to provide elements to enrich the currentdebate on the transition to sustainability proposed in Law 1930 of 2018. to achieve this objective, a review of currentregulations and commitments of Colombia for sustainable agriculture is made, Afterwards, a review of high mountainecosystems and their importance with emphasis on agricultural and livestock activities is included. Subsequently, adescription of the different schools of agriculture present in high mountain ecosystems is included. Finally, a reflection ismade regarding the progress and challenges to achieve the transition of agricultural activities towards sustainability inmoorland ecosystems. It is concluded that, although there are advances in the political-institutional and socio-ecologicalframework, it is imperative to focus on all the actors of the Colombian agri-food system and make timely progress in therecognition and valuation of the contributions that the different schools of agriculture make to sustainability, usingcriteria that are proposed based on the dimensions of sustainability. Not including these elements in the debate turns thetransition into a sophism that will perpetuate socio-ecological conflicts in the territories.