Introduction:The non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) is an indulgent and unusual entity, because of the low prevalence and knowledge; the diagnosis may be difficult.When injured it may lead to functional alterations such as vocal cords paralysis and airway obstruction, awareness of this diagnosis is definitive to avoid its damage surgical interventions.Presentation of cases: In our two patients a total thyroidectomy was performed because of a benign pathology.during the intervention a laryngeal nerve without a recurrent pathway was found and documented their origin directly from the vagus nerve.Discussion: The diagnosis of NRLN is usually incidental during a surgical procedure.That is the reason why it can be easily damaged in different ways (transection, electrothermal etc).NRLN is documented in the right side in higher percentage, and it is directly related to a vascular malformation known as lusoria artery. Conclusion:The anatomy knowledge has a determining factor in the surgical outcomes.In this way the iatrogenic damage can be minimized and consequences due to the damage of the RLN can be prevented.