We examine the differential effects of automation on the labor market and educational outcomes of women relative to men over the past four decades.Although women were disproportionately employed in occupations with a high risk of automation in 1980, they were more likely to shift to high-skill, high-wage occupations than men in over time.We provide a causal link by exploiting variation in local labor market exposure to automation attributable to historical differences in local industry structure.For a given change in the exposure to automation across commuting zones, women were more likely than men to shift out of routine task-intensive occupations to high-skill, high wage occupations over the subsequent decade.The net effect is that initially routine-intensive local labor markets experienced greater occupational gender integration.College attainment among younger workers, particularly women, also rose significantly more in areas more exposed to automation.We propose a model of occupational choice with endogenous skill investments, where social skills and routine tasks are q-complements, and women have a comparative advantage in social skills, to explain the observed patterns.Supporting the model mechanisms, areas with greater exposure to automation experienced a greater movement of women into occupations with high social skill (and high cognitive) requirements than men.