This chapter, of a descriptive nature, aims to highlight the challenges that the Colombian healthcare system is facing. The widespread discontent and protests of society over the last few years have led to the proposal that the current government of Colombia presented to the Congress of the Republic for its reform. Bill 339 of 2023 seeks to improve access conditions for the most vulnerable households while also reducing the administrative barriers causing delays in payments to hospitals and specialist appointments. However, it should be stated that the healthcare system is a truly broad and complex ecosystem, so it is not an easy task to assess the outcomes of the potential reforms. Besides, Colombia brings together highly relevant heterogeneous factors, almost like no other country in Latin America, a complex geography, interculturality, unemployment, and social inequality, among many others. Consequently, this work presents and brings together the social, political, economic, and academic perceptions of this new scenario that arises in the potential change.