This study aimed to address the pressing need to mitigate CO2 emissions in the fight against climate change. This underscores the potential of CO2 methanation as a promising strategy for sustainable CH4 production, thus offering a viable pathway towards a cleaner energy source. Ni catalysts supported on Al-modified calcined dolomite were developed, using a natural mineral as the precursor. Treatment with 3% w/w Al improved thermal stability and increased the surface area. The variation in Ni loading (5-30% w/w) was studied to characterize the structural, morphological, and chemical properties. The CO2 capture capacity of the solids, evaluated by TGA at 400 °C (100-800 μmol∙g-1), decreased with increasing Ni loading due to the reduction of basic sites. CO2-TPD analyses revealed the presence of captured CO2 in various basic sites, especially in the strong ones, with efficient formation of thermally stable carbonates. In catalytic tests at 400 °C, conversions exceeding 50% were achieved for higher Ni loadings and around 50% for lower loadings, with 100% selectivity towards CH4. The application of in situ and operando DRIFT techniques provided insights into the formation of carbonates and their transformation into formate, methoxy, and formyl species, explaining the total selectivity towards CH4 and the absence of CO in the products. This comprehensive approach significantly contributes to the understanding of the reaction dynamics and opens new perspectives for the utilization of Ni catalysts supported on modified dolomite.